From the admin guide:
When Google Voice is selected as the protocol, all the other ITSP Profile parameters are ignored except the DigitMap parameter. The following SP1/SP2 Service parameters are also ignored:
- X_Codec_Profile, X_RegisterEnable, X_UserAgentPort, X_SipDebugOption
- X_KeepAliveEnable, X_KeepAliveExpires, X_KeepAliveServer, X_KeepAliveServerPort, X_KeepAliveMsgType
- URI, MaxSessions, X_AcceptDialogSubscription, X_AcceptLinePortStatusSubscription
tl;dr: I am not aware of a way to disable registration to Google Voice.
Is there a particular reason you're worried about power consumption? Devices like modems and routers use, in my experience, 4-6W. This is quite negligible. Even a 800lm LED bulb will use a minimum of ~8.5W.
Also, is OBi110 itself having any kind of constant auto-connect/update/register behavior that I need to be aware of?
Yes. See
http://www.obitalk.com/forum/index.php?topic=10190.0 if you wish to disable this behaviour.