I'd be happy to give the timeline on my refund, but Callcentric doesn't let you see closed support tickets, so I have to estimate.
On 10/30 I told them I was done and asked for a refund. Within 2 days they responded, we went back and forth for a few days with them telling me they couldn't send a refund to my credit card because "they hadn't made enough charges on it" to refund to it, so they asked for a PayPal account or my agreeing that they mail a check. Then they told me it had been sent to Accounting.
Then they said that they had not yet come up with a process for refunding due to their DoS attack as well as their "incompetence in not having backup power", but they agreed to give me back 1/2 of October (i.e. $0.75) in addition to the balance they were holding.
On 11/8 the refund hit my credit card, the one that "we can't refund to". So that's around 10 days.
Callcentric does "charge you in advance", as does AT&T for POTS service and Verizon Wireless for cell service. The bill you get also charges you in arrears for usage.